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Painting 101
• Squeeze small amounts of paint onto palette as needed
• Paint all surfaces, unless otherwise noted
• Use as many coats as needed for good coverage
• Let dry between coats and color changes
• Clean brushes or sponges thoroughly before each color change
• Erase remaining graphite lines before applying varnish.
How to Transfer Patterns
• Use tracing paper to trace patterns.
• Place transfer paper (or graphite paper) shiny side down onto surface. (Note: Use dark transfer paper for light surfaces and light transfer paper for dark surfaces.)
• Place pattern on top of transfer paper and trace pattern lines with stylus. Remove pattern and transfer paper.
Glossary of Terms
Antique: apply watered-down application of paint or gel stain to surface. Wipe color off with soft cloth before stain dries, leaving more in recessed areas.
Back-to-back: used to add light or dark values in the center of an object; float paint down center, flip brush, and repeat along opposite side.
Basecoat: apply a smooth application of paint to cover surface. Allow paint to dry thoroughly between coats.
Brush mix: dip brush into first color then second color; blend together on palette.
Dry brush: touch tip of bristle brush into paint and wipe excess color off onto paper towel. Use very light pressure to skim brush over surface, building color gradually. Do not rinse brush in water until dry brushing is completed.
Glazing: use less paint than washing. Apply very little paint to brush for just a hint of color; color should be very sheer.
Layering Colors: the process of building values on top of another to create form. Each time a light or dark color is added, center new value within a smaller area of previous color.
Spatter: thin paint to ink consistency. Dip an old toothbrush into paint, hold toothbrush over piece and run finger through bristles to release paint.
Stipple: load tips of old scruffy brush or stiff bristled brush with paint. Dab excess paint off onto paper towel. Pounce brush onto surface using an up and down motion.
Wash: thin paint with 50%-60% water. Brush onto surface and allow to dry. Repeat for additional color. (This technique allows wood grain to show while creating a "pickled" effect.)
Wet into wet: base-paint an area and while it is still wet, apply another color next to or on top of the base color. Lightly blend the two colors together
Simple Strokes
Float/Side-Load: Dip flat or angular brush into clear water or extender. Lightly press on paper towel until sheen leaves bristles. Dip one corner of brush into paint. Stroke brush back and forth on palette, blending until color spreads evenly halfway across width of brush.
Double-Load: Dip flat or angular brush in clear water, lightly press on paper towel only until sheen leaves bristles. Two different colors of paint are loaded onto brush, one color on each corner. Stroke brush back and forth on palette, blending paint until color gradually blends in middle.
Shade: Apply shading using floating method; shading object with darker color adds dimension and makes object recede.
Highlight: Highlighting can be applied using floating method or dry-brushing. Highlight using a lighter color.
Outline: Thin paint with water and fully load liner brush to outline object. Line work can be used to define an area or add finishing techniques. (Note: Permanent ink pen can also be used to outline objects.)
Stroke Painting: Strokes can be made with round, flat or filbert brush. Fully load brush with paint, touch to surface, apply pressure then release to create a comma-shaped stroke. Strokes are used for borders, flowers, etc.
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